I am indebted to Prof. S. H. Rahimtoo1a for the preview of the book. I am thankful to Dr. S. A. Syed, Dr. Rauf Yousaf, Prof. S. M. Rab, Dr. Muhammad Sharif, Dr Ali Muhammad, Dr. A. Hafeez Akhtar, Prof. S. A. Raza and Prof. Nasiruddin A. Khan for the useful comments and criticism. My thanks are also due to Mr. Muhammad Farooq and Ms. Shagufta Yasmeen for assistance in the E.C.G. Laboratory, and to Mr. Nasiruddin Mohmand for the diagrams, Mr. A. G. Bhatti for photographs, Mr. M. Ishaque for typing the manuscript.

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